Packs and load carrying

A pack is a load transfer device. Everything about choosing one comes back to two questions: does it fit your skeleton, and is the load inside it small enough for the frame to do its job.

Fit first, then weight, then volume#

The order is not negotiable, because each stage constrains the next.

Fit is set by torso length, measured from the C7 vertebra to the top of the iliac crest, not by your height. A pack that is the wrong length cannot transfer load to the hips no matter how the straps are adjusted, and a pack that does not transfer load to the hips puts all of it on your shoulders and lower back.

Weight decides which packs are even candidates. A frameless or minimal-frame pack is excellent under about 9 kg total and miserable above it. Buying the pack first and then discovering the load is the most common sequencing mistake in this whole topic.

Volume follows from the kit, not the other way round. Extra litres do not stay empty: they get filled, and a bigger pack routinely adds a kilogram of things nobody needed.

Where to start#

Frequently asked questions#

What size backpack do I need for a weekend?#

With a considered three-season kit, 40 to 50 litres. With entry level gear, particularly a bulky sleeping bag and a big tent, 55 to 65 litres for the same trip. Volume tracks the bulk of your sleep system more than anything else, which is why bag and pad upgrades shrink the pack you need.

How heavy should my pack be?#

Aim for a base weight under about 8 kg for a three-season weekend, then add roughly 700 g per day of food, 1 kg per litre of water and your fuel. The number that matters is the loaded pack as a share of your body weight, not a leaderboard figure.

Why does my pack hurt my shoulders?#

Almost always because the load is not reaching your hips: a torso length mismatch, a hip belt sitting on the waist instead of the iliac crest, or load lifters at the wrong angle. The fit guide has a diagnostic table that maps each symptom to its cause.

Are ultralight packs worth it?#

Only after the load is light. A 700 g frameless pack under 12 kg transfers almost nothing to the hips and hurts. Cut the big three first, then buy the pack that suits what is left.

Every guide in packs & load carrying

  1. 01Backpack fit: torso length, hip belts and where the load goesMeasure your torso, size a pack to it, and move 70 to 80 percent of the load onto your hips, with a home fitting protocol and a hot-spot diagnostic table.Torso length sizes a pack, not your height
  2. 02Base weight, explained properly, and what to cut firstBase weight defined without the folklore, the consumables on top, what your body tolerates as a share of body weight, and a cutting order that starts free.Everything except food, water and fuel, and where to cut
  3. 03How many litres of pack you actually needWhy a stated 50 litres is not a measurement, the working ranges from overnight to winter, and a volume budget worked item by item so you buy the right size.Size the pack from your kit, not from the trip length
  4. 04Packing a backpack: load placement, access and staying uprightWhere dense items belong, how centre of mass height changes with terrain, a zone by zone loading order, and a two minute check that catches three costly failures.Dense items against the spine, essentials within reach

Calculators for this topic